The Ultrasonic power supply(generator) converts 50/60 Hz voltage to high frequency electrical energy. this alternating voltage is applied to disc-shaped ceramic piezoelectric crystals within the converter, causing them to expand and contract with each change of polarity. These longitudinal vibrations are amplified by the probe(horn) and transmitted into the liquid as ultrasonic waves consisting of alternate expansions and compressions.

The pressure fluctuations give birth to microscopic bubbles( cavities), which expand during the negative pressure excursions, and implode violently during the positive excursions. As the bubbles collapse ,millions of shock waves, eddies and extremes in pressures and temperatures are generated at the implosion sites. Although this phenomenon , known as cavitation, lasts but a few microseconds, and the amount of energy released by each individual bubble is minimal , the cumulative amount of energy generated is extremely high.

Compared to mechanical homogenizers , ultrasonic processing is fast and highly reproducible. Probes are practically self-cleaning, and by virtue of their design and finish, account for negligible sample losses. When used with environmentally safe aqueous cleaning solutions, the vibra-cell becomes a powerful cleaning tool, capable of removing the most tenacious contaminants from normally inaccessible locations. Unlike ultrasonic baths, which dissipate the vibrational energy over a large area, the vibra-cell probe focusses the energy to create a concentrated, high intensity cleaning zone.